What happened in the 1990s to today regarding supply chain management?

• A. SCM emerged as a system of connected networks between the original vendors and the ultimate final customer.
• B. Total Integration
• C. Outsourcing
• D. Digital marketing

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is how supply chain management evolved into an interconnected network that spans many organizations from suppliers to the final customer. From the 1990s to today, SCM shifted from focusing on internal processes to viewing the entire flow of goods as a networked system, enabled by information technology that provides visibility, coordination, and integration across suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. This end-to-end, multi‑organization collaboration and data sharing is what the description in the best option captures. The other ideas describe important trends or activities within SCM—such as outsourcing or broader integration concepts or marketing—without conveying the full networked, inter-organizational perspective that defines modern SCM.